The Criminal Law Act 1977, s 1(1)(b) (in relation to statutory conspiracy) and the Criminal Attempts Act 1981, s 1(2) & (3) (in relation to statutory attempt) have reversed the common law position on impossibility in fact. This is now no longer a defence to attempt or conspiracy. So, for example, if X and Y agree that Y will stab V. Y stabs V, but V is already dead, then X and Y will be guilty of conspiracy to murder and Y will be guilty of attempted murder. This is illustrated for attempt in the House of Lords case of R v Shivpuri.