There was a similar distinction between the lower metriopatheia and higher apatheia in Philo, who saw moderation and eradication of emo- tions as ideals for different people. In comparing Moses and Aaron, Philo said that Aaron practised moderation of emotions. He is characterized as a man undergoing improvement (prokopto ¯ s, a Stoic term) while Moses, being perfect, did not aim at mediocrity, but completely cut off all emotions like a Stoic sage (Leg. alleg. 3.132). Philo illustrated the extirpa- tion of the emotions by referring to Leviticus 8: 29, where Moses removes the breast from the ram of consecration. Thi